Chronology of Events in Pakistan from Historical Perspective

Pakistan-Table A Chronology of Important Events Pakistan Index Period verbal description ANCIENT EMPIRES ca. 2500-1600 B. C. Indus Valley culture ca. cl0-500 B. C. Migrations of Indo-Aryan- utter tribes the Vedic Age. ca. 563-483 B. C. Life of Sidd trickha Gautamathe Buddha founding of Buddhism. ca. 321-180 B. C. Mauryan conglomerate reign of Ashoka (r. ca. 274-236 B. C. ) spread of Buddhism. ca. 180 B. C. -A. D. 150 Saka dynasties in Indus Valley. ca. A. D. 78-ca. 200 Kushan Empire Gandharan art flourishes. ca. A. D. 319-ca. 600 Gupta Empire classical age in northern India.COMING OF ISLAM 711 Muhammad bin Qasim, an Arab general, conquers Sindh and incorporates it into Umayyad Caliphate. 1001-1030 Mahmud of Ghazni raids Indian subcontinent from Afghanistan. 1192 Muhammad of Ghor defeats Rajputs. 1206-1526 Delhi Sultanate. 1398 Timur destroys Delhi. THE MUGHAL flow 1526 Babur defeats last Lodhi sultan in early involvement of Panipat, thus laying behind of Mughal Empire. 1556 Ak bar victorious in secondBattle of Panipat. 1556-1605 everywherelook of Akbar. 1605-27 Reign of Jahangir in 1612 east most(prenominal) India community opens get-go trading post (factory). 1628-58 Reign of Shah Jahan, detergent builder of Taj Mahal. 1658-1707 Reign of Aurangzeb, last great Mughal ruler. 1707-1858 lesser emperors decline of Mughal Empire. BRITISH PERIOD 1757 Battle of Plassey and British victory all over Mughal forces in Bengal conventional date for ascendant of British rule in India. 799-1839 Sikh kingdom established in Punjab low Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 1830s Institution of British fosterage and other re hold measures. 1838-42 First Anglo-Afghan War. 1843 British assume Sindh, Hyderabad, and Khairpur. 1845-49 Sikh Wars British annex Punjab Kashmir sold to Dogra Dynasty, to be ruled under(a) British paramountcy. 1857-58 Uprising, variously known as Indian Mutiny, Sepoy Rebellion, and by Indian domainalists as First War of Independence. 858 East India Comp any dissolved rule of India under British crown (the British Raj) begins marks globe end of Mughal Empire. 1878-80 Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1885 Indian discipline Congress formed. 1893 Durand Line established as boundary between Afghanistan and British India. 1905 sectionalization of Bengal. 1906 All-India Islamic confederacy founded. 1909 Morley-Minto Reforms establish abstract electorates for Muslims. 911 Partition of Bengal annulled. 1916 Congress-Muslim League Pact (often referred to as Lucknow Pact) singularityed. 1919 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms Third Anglo-Afghan War. 1935 Government of India Act of 1935. 1940 Muslim League adopts Pakistan Resolution demanding separate nation for Muslims of India. Two Nations Theory articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others. 1946 noble Muslim League observes Direct execution Day. Widespread communal howler spreads to umteen parts of India. 1947 June Legislation introduced in British Parliament calling for independence and naval division of India communal rioting and mass movements of cosmos begin, resulting in next months in 250,000 deaths and up to 24 million refugees. INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN 1947 august Partition of British India India achieves independence and incorporates west Bengal and Assam Pakistan is created and incorporates East Bengal (East Wing, or East Pakistan) and territorial dominion in the northwest ( tungsten Wing, or westerly Pakistan)Jinnah becomes governor general of Pakistan Liaquat Ali caravansary becomes thrill minister. October move of first Indo-Pakistani War over sovereignty of Kashmir. 1948 September Jinnah dies Khwaja Nazimuddin becomes governor general. 1949 January fall in Nations-arranged cease- fire between Pakistan and India takes effect. 1951 October Liaquat assassinated Nazimuddin becomes tip minister Ghulam Mohammad becomes governor general. 1955 August Ghulam Mohammad resigns succeeded by Iskander Mirza.October One social unit Plan estab lishes the cardinal provinces of westernmost Pakistan as one administrative unit. 1956 butt Constitution adopted Mirza becomes president. 1958 October Mirza abrogates organic law and declares soldierlike law Mirza sent into deliver Chief Martial Law executive (CMLA) General Mohammad Ayub caravanserai assumes presidency. 1965 August Start of second Indo-Pakistani War over Kashmir. 1969 March Martial law state Ayub Khan resigns CMLA General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan ssumes presidency. 1970 July One Unit Plan abolished four provinces reestablished in West Pakistan. declination First general elections Awami League under Mujib secures absolute majority in parvenue subject Assembly West Pakistan-dominated governing body declines to convene assembly. 1971 March East Pakistan attempts to secede, beginning civil war swell Mujibur Rahman (Mujib), imprisoned in West Pakistan, declared provisional president. April Formal declaration of independence of Bangladesh issued Mujib named p resident.December Pakistan launches preemptive air strikes against India India invades East Pakistan India recognizes Bangladesh Pakistani military forces in East Pakistan spare to Indian armed forces, marking East Pakistani independence Yahya Khan resigns Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes CMLA and president. 1972 July Bhutto and Indias establish minister, Indira Gandhi, come to an end Simla Agreement, adjusting 1949 cease-fire line between Pakistan and India and creating rude(a) line of control. 1973 August New organization goes into effect Bhutto becomes summit inister. 1976 February Pakistan and Bangladesh establish diplomatic relations. 1977 March General elections massive victory by Bhuttos party evokes widespread rioting and protest. July Army read/write head of staff, General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, appoints himself CMLA and pro call options martial law. 1978 September Mohammad Zia ul-Haq becomes nations sixth president, replacing Fazal Elahi Chaudhry. 1979 February Islamic p enal code introduced. April Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged.November Mob storms and ruin down fall in States Embassy in Islamabad, violent death two Americans and two Pakistani employees United States cultural centers in Rawalpindi and Lahore also torched attacks in response to Iranian-inspired rumors that United States citizens responsible for November 20 attack on Grand Mosque in Mecca. December Large-scale movements of Soviet military man and military equipment into Afghanistan. 1980 January United States president prise Carter pledges military assistance to help Pakistan harbor itself against Soviet hreat Carter offers US$400 million, jilted by Zia as peanuts. 1983 August professorship Zia ul-Haq announces that martial law will be lifted in 1985 but warns that forces will retain key percentage in future presidencys. 1985 January Non-Islamic banking abolished. February General elections held for National Assembly. March Mohammad Khan Junejo invited by Zia to form civilian cabinet. July Economy declared to be in conformity with Islam. 1986 August travail for the Restoration f Democracy (MRD) launches contract against government, demanding new general elections Benazir Bhutto arrested in Karachi. December New federal cabinet swear into office by President Zia with Mohammad Khan Junejo continuing as prime minister. whitethorn peak diplomatic minister Junejo expands federal government to include five new ministers and lead new ministers of state President Zia dismisses Junejo government, dissolves content and provincial assemblies, and orders new elections to be held indoors ninety days. August Zia, the United States mbassador to Pakistan, and exculpate army officials killed in mysterious plane crash near Bahawalpur in Punjab Ghulam Ishaq Khan, prexy of Senate, verbalise in as playing president General Mirza Aslam Beg becomes chief of the army staff. October Salman Rushdies novel, The Satanic Verses, banned in Pakistan joint United States- Pak istani fact-finding committee concludes that Zias death was caused by sorry act of sabotage. November Elections held for National Assembly Pakistan Peoples society (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty) wins ninety-three out of 207 seats contested.December Benazir Bhutto sworn in as first feminine prime minister of a Muslim nation PPP and MQM parties sign Karachi Declaration, an conformity to restore peace in Sindh Pakistan and India sign accords at South Asian connective for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit in Islamabad, including bargain not to attack each others thermonuclear facilities. June Combined inverse Parties (COP), consisting of most adversary groups, formed in National Assembly, with Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as leader. February Soviet Union completes withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan.September Pakistans largest ever military exercise, Zarb- e Momin (Sword of the Faithful), commences. October Pakistan rejoins area of Nations. December Ethnic riots in Sindh claim sc ores of lives. 1990 May-June Ethnic troubles mount in Sindh rift develops between PPP and alignment partners. August President Ghulam Ishaq Khan di smisses elevation Minister Benazir Bhutto, her cabinet, and National Assembly orders new elections for October 24, 1990 Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi becomes caretaker prime inister. October United States president George shrub is unable to deliver annual corroboration that Pakistan does not possess nuclear weapons as condition of continued assistance and weapons system and technology transfers, leading to cutoff of most aid. National elections held Bhuttos PPP loses to coalition of right parties. November Mian Nawaz Sharif elected prime minister. 1991 February rush Minister Nawaz Sharif liberalizes economy, lifts controls on foreign currency debut country, and announces policies to encourage new investment many pro-Iraq emonstrations and widespread public opposition to gear up Minister Nawaz Sharifs support of Desert ram but pro-Unite d Nations stance reiterated. May Shariat vizor is adopted by National Assembly. July Opposition members call upon president to dismiss government because of deteriorating law and order situation, particularly in Sindh. 1992 December Babri Mosque in Ayodya, India, destroyed by Hindu fundamentalists seeking to build Hindu temple on contested come in communal violence mounts over misfortune Pakistan asks Indian government to protect Muslims in India. 993 April President Ishaq Khan dismisses government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, citing corruption. July President Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif resign under insisting from military World Bank officer, Moeen Qureshi, named caretaker prime minister pending elections in October. October Benazir Bhuttos PPP wins slim margin in field of study elections and builds coalition government Benazir appointed prime minister. November PPP stalwart, Farooq Leghari, defeats acting President Wassim Sajjad and becomes president. infor mation as of April 1994